T h e Ess e n ce o f Re lig i o n
19
The command to pray regularly is an absolute command which
is obligatory on each and every believer, while the command
regarding
Zakat
is conditional, that is, it is obligatory only when
one possesses enough wealth to come under the law of
Zakat
.
That is, if a person possesses items taxable under
Zakat
law, this
obligation to pay
Zakat
will be applicable to him in the absolute
sense, just as the order to pray is obligatory for all. But a person
who is not in possession of items taxable under
Zakat
is neither
required to pay
Zakat
nor is he ordered to acquire taxable items so
that he may be able to obey the law on
Zakat
. What is desirable is
that the believer should be active in carrying out duties which are
applicable in the present rather than engaging in such activities
which may be applicable to him in the future, in different sets of
circumstances.
We learn, therefore, that there are a number of religious duties
that are not to be enforced in the absolute sense, being applicable
only in relation to circumstances. As the circle of believers goes
on expanding, so also do the demands of religion. If there were
only one single believer, only that part of religion would be
obligatory upon him which related to his person. In this instance,
the sole object of divine commandments would be his own
person. When the believers increase in numbers to one or several
families, then this whole group will be the addressee of the divine
commandments. And when a group of believers attain the status
of an independent, autonomous society, then it becomes the duty
of the whole society to fully carry out the commandments of God
regarding social matters. Since such commands cannot be carried
out without authority at the social level, whenever these social
commands become applicable to a society of believers, it becomes
the duty of the believers to select a political leader in order to carry
out the divine laws governing social life under his leadership.
All Islamic commandments are the expression of some inner
reality. When faith is rooted in the heart, it reflects on the human
personality.Yet its external expression is in proportion to the scope
offered by external circumstances. Interrelationships between
