T h e V i s i o n o f I s l a m
32
F
asting
The Arabic term for fasting is
sawm
. In essence, it is the same as
tabattul ilallah
i.e. detaching oneself from the world and devoting
one’s life entirely to God (Quran, 73:8). Fasting, along with most of
the other rites of worship, was prescribed on a regular basis after
the Prophet’s emigration to Madinah (2
a
.
h
.), but i t had been
practiced even before Islam in one form or the other.
According to Aishah, the Prophet’s wife, the Quraysh used
to fast on the day of Ashura, in their days of Ignorance (before
Islam) and the Prophet would also fast on that day (
Sahih Muslim
).
So one might say that fasting marks the entrance to an Islamic
life, if the Prophet’s stay in the cave of Hira, before his receiving
prophethood, is taken into account.
When God decided to give His scriptures to Moses, He asked
him to go toMountTur where, remaining apart from his people, he
was to spend forty days in fasting and abstinence. Moses did so for
forty days continuously. Only then did God speak to him. This is
mentioned in verse 143 of Chapter 7 of the Quran.
Before commencing his prophetic mission, the Prophet Jesus
had fasted for forty days in the desert. Only then was the word of
God revealed to him.This is recorded in the Bible as the Sermon on
the Mount (
Jewish Encyclopaedia
). Likewise, the Final Prophet used
to go to the cave of Hira before receiving his prophethood. There
he would fast in seclusion, engrossed in a world of worship and
contemplation. Only after a long period of this inner purification
did the time come for him to be visited by an angel, so that he
might receive the word of God.
In the Islamic shari‘ah, fasting is known as
sawm
, a word which
means toabstain. Literally, itmeans toabstain frommeetingpeople,
speaking, eating and drinking. A horse that has been detained at
a stable and denied fodder is called
al-Khail as-Saim
, in Arabic.
That is why the Prophet called the month of Ramadan a month
of patience. Harith ibn Malik, describing one of his fasts to the
Prophet, said, “I withdrew from the world and was thirsty all day.”
